What condition is caused by one or more abnormalities in the fetus due to exposure to teratogenic drugs?

The correct answer pertains to congenital malformations, which are structural anomalies that occur during fetal development due to various factors, including exposure to teratogenic drugs. Teratogenic drugs can significantly disrupt normal fetal development, leading to a wide range of physical abnormalities. These malformations can include issues in both the internal and external structures of the body, manifesting as birth defects that vary in severity and type.

Fetal alcohol syndrome, while indeed a condition resulting from teratogenic effects, specifically relates to alcohol exposure and is characterized by a particular set of developmental issues. Neural tube defects relate to specific issues concerning the brain and spinal cord development, generally linked to nutritional deficiencies or genetic factors rather than teratogenic drugs alone. Congenital heart defects refer specifically to structural problems in the heart and are just one category of congenital malformations, which encompass a broader range of abnormalities. Thus, the most encompassing term that correctly addresses the question regarding the impact of teratogenic drugs is congenital malformations.